epics

  https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Ramayana Translation 1870–1874. One of the two epic Hindu poems, the other being the Mahabharata . The Ramayana tells the story of the deeds of Lord Ram who, having devoted himself to fighting demons, defeats in a mighty war Ravan, the demon king of Lanka (present day Sri Lanka), who had kidnapped his wife Sita. This verse translation by Griffith, whose translations of the Rig Veda and the Sama Veda are also available at sacred-texts, was scanned in 2000 from an original copy, which had very poor typesetting. Due to the difficulty of converting this 600 page text to etext, the project was put on hold for several years until OCR technology matured. Finally in 2003, the text was OCR-ed and proofed at Distributed Proofing. However, despite best efforts, there are several places in this text where the proofing was difficult or impossible. These are indicated by asterisks or (illegible). We are in the process of cleaning up these issues and hope to ...

  Versions outside India Bas-relief at Angkor Wat depicting the “Battle of Lanka”. Preah Ream (Rama) is standing on Hanuman, followed by his brother Preah Leak, and Vibhishana. The following are among the versions of the Ramayana that have emerged outside India: Central Asia Khotan Kingdom The Khotanese version is somewhat similar to the Tibetan version [ 31 ] East Asia China , Tibet – found in several manuscripts from Dunhuang [ 32 ] Yunnan – Langka Sip Hor ( Tai Lü language ) Japan – Ramaenna or Ramaensho Southeast Asia Cambodia – Reamker Indonesia : Bali – Ramakavaca Java – Kakawin Ramayana , Yogesvara Ramayana Sumatera – Ramayana Swarnadwipa Laos – Phra Lak Phra Lam , Gvay Dvorahbi Malaysia – Hikayat Seri Rama , Hikayat Maharaja Wana Myanmar ( Burma ) – Yama Zatdaw (Yamayana) Philippines Mindanao – Maharadia Lawana , Darangen ( Moro ) Thailand – Ramakien Kingdom of Lan Na – Phommachak Vietnam - Truyện Dạ Xoa Vương Champa - Déwa Mâno South Asia Nepal – Siddh...

  Ramayana Ikshvaku dynasty Dasharatha Kausalya Sumitra Kaikeyi Rama Bharata Lakshmana Shatrughna Sita Urmila Mandavi Shrutakirti Lava Kusha Vanara Hanuman Sugriva Vali Angada Tara Rumā Nala Nila Kesari Anjana Makaradhwaja Rakshasa Ravana Vibhishana Kumbhakarna Indrajit Akshayakumara Atikaya Kabandha Khara Dushana Mandodari Dhanyamalini Lavanasura Malyavan Maricha Mayasura Narantaka-Devantaka Prahasta Sarama Subahu Sulochana Sumali Shurpanakha Tataka Trijata Trishira Viradha Sages Agastya Ahalya Arundhati Bharadvaja Kambhoja Parashurama Vasishtha Vishvamitra Rishyasringa Valmiki Other figures and concepts Lakshmana rekha Jambavan Janaka Kushadhvaja Jatayu Manthara Maya Sita Sampati Shabari Shanta Shravana Kumara Vedavati Shambuka

  Rama (right), seated on the shoulders of Hanuman , battles the demon-king Ravana . Depending on the methods of counting, as many as three hundred [ 1 ] [ 2 ] versions of the Indian Hindu epic poem , the Ramayana , are known to exist. The oldest version is generally recognized to be the Sanskrit version attributed to sage Narada , the Mula Ramayana . [ 3 ] Narada passed on the knowledge to Valmiki , who authored Valmiki Ramayana, the present oldest available version of Ramayana. The Ramayana has spread to many Asian countries outside of India, including Burma , Indonesia , Cambodia , Laos , Philippines , Sri Lanka , Nepal , Thailand , Singapore , Malaysia , Japan , Mongolia , Vietnam and China . [ 4 ] [ 5 ] The original Valmiki version has been adapted or translated into various regional languages, which have often been marked more or less by plot twists and thematic adaptations. Some of the important adaptations of the classic tale include the 12th-century Tamil language ...