ramayana outside India

 Versions outside India

Bas-relief at Angkor Wat depicting the “Battle of Lanka”. Preah Ream (Rama) is standing on Hanuman, followed by his brother Preah Leak, and Vibhishana.

The following are among the versions of the Ramayana that have emerged outside India:

Central Asia

• Khotan Kingdom
  • The Khotanese version is somewhat similar to the Tibetan version^[31]

East Asia

• China, Tibet – found in several manuscripts from Dunhuang^[32]
  • Yunnan – Langka Sip Hor (Tai Lü language)
• Japan – Ramaenna or Ramaensho

Southeast Asia

• Cambodia – Reamker
• Indonesia:
  • Bali – Ramakavaca
  • Java – Kakawin Ramayana, Yogesvara Ramayana
  • Sumatera – Ramayana Swarnadwipa
• Laos – Phra Lak Phra Lam, Gvay Dvorahbi
• Malaysia – Hikayat Seri Rama, Hikayat Maharaja Wana
• Myanmar (Burma) – Yama Zatdaw (Yamayana)
• Philippines
  • Mindanao – Maharadia Lawana, Darangen (Moro)
• Thailand – Ramakien
  • Kingdom of Lan Na – Phommachak
• Vietnam - Truyện Dạ Xoa Vương
  • Champa - Déwa Mâno

South Asia

• Nepal – Siddhi Ramayan (Nepal Bhasa), Bhanubhaktako Ramayan (Nepali language)
• Sri Lanka – Dasaratha Jataka, Janakiharan